<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151</id><updated>2011-04-21T17:57:10.756-07:00</updated><title type='text'>The brand concept</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>11</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151.post-2238620971817567055</id><published>2007-12-10T07:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-10T08:04:39.027-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;          &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;Les associations de marque (Dwane Hal Dean,2004)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;           Les associations de marque sont définies comme n'importe quelle chose  reliée à une marque  dans la mémoire du consommateur. (Aaker, 1991 ; Low et Lamb, 2000). Les associations peuvent être basées sur l'expérience avec le produit, les attributs du produit , les communications promotionnelles sur la marque, l'information sur le prix, l'emballage, les images perçus d'utilisateurs typique, ou autres sources. Par exemple, les associations de marque pour McDonald peuvent inclure le logo  (un symbole), Ronald McDonald (un caractère), et l'homogénéité du produit à travers les franchisés (un attribut de produit). &lt;br /&gt;Une série d'associations de marque qui est organisée de façon significative constitue une image de marque. Par exemple, l'image de marque de Porsche peut consister en des associations apparentées tel que la qualité supérieure, le style, et le coût élevé.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cependant,vue que les associations et les images de marque sont des perceptions, ils ne reflètent pas nécessairement la réalité.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;      Importance des associations de marque :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les associations de marque créent la valeur pour les marketeurs en:&lt;br /&gt;-différenciant la marque de celle des concurrents,&lt;br /&gt;-créant une attitude positive envers la marque,&lt;br /&gt;-et en aidant le consommateur de récupérer l'information sur la marque (Aaker, 1991). Les associations sont surtout importants quand les consommateurs ne peuvent pas distinguer les différences entre les marques.&lt;br /&gt; Une association de marque peut servir comme un déclencheur  du réseau informationnel de la marque dans la mémoire du consommateur . Ceci aide ce dernier  dans le traitement de l’information et dans sa décision d'achat .&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017244756057621151-2238620971817567055?l=mimiforever7.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/2238620971817567055/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3017244756057621151&amp;postID=2238620971817567055' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/2238620971817567055'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/2238620971817567055'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/2007/12/les-associations-de-marque-dwane-hal.html' title=''/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151.post-4847338173063661611</id><published>2007-12-03T06:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-03T07:39:54.328-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;                   Les dimensions  d'un produit marqué vs service marqué&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;        La marque joue un rôle très important dans la stratégie Marketing. En effet les marques sont devenues un composant marketing important pour le fabricant  et une source riche d'information pour le consommateur . Pour le fabricant, les marques constituent un moyen d'identification, un moyen de protection légale de caractéristiques uniques, et un outil qui permet de doter le produit avec des associations uniques . De plus, les marques indiquent un certain niveau de qualité aux consommateurs, et  constituent un avantage concurrentiel pour le fabricant qui lui permet d’obtenir des retours financiers .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Pour le consommateur, une marque identifie la source du produit, assigne la responsabilité au fabricant de produit, et fournit une promesse ou un lien avec le fabricant du produit . En outre, les marques réduisent les coûts de recherche du consommateur et le niveau du risque perçu du consommateur, et signale la qualité du produit .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Ainsi il est important de bien &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"&gt;géréer&lt;/span&gt; les dimensions liées à une marque. cependant il est important d'identifier les dimensions significatives d'une marque pour le consommateur. Autrement dit on doit identifier les éléments essentiels pour les  consommateurs dans leurs conceptualisation des produits tangibles /intangibles marqués.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Dans ce cas on peut se poser deux questions:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;       Q1. Quelles sont les dimensions d'un produit marqué qui ont de l'importance pour les consommateurs ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       Q2. Quelles sont les dimensions d'un service marqué qui ont de l'importance pour les consommateurs ? &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;En se basant sur les résultats d'une étude exploratoire menée par les chercheurs &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1"&gt;Debra&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2"&gt;Grace&lt;/span&gt;,et &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3"&gt;Aron&lt;/span&gt; O’&lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4"&gt;Cass&lt;/span&gt; en 2002 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;(Qualitative &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5"&gt;Market&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6"&gt;Research&lt;/span&gt;: An International Journal,Volume 5 &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7"&gt;Number&lt;/span&gt; 2 2002 &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8"&gt;pp&lt;/span&gt;. 96-111 ), on peut dire que :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;em&gt;     &lt;span style="color:#33cc00;"&gt; Les dimensions d'un produit marqué qui ont un sens pour le consommateur, sont :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-  le noyau du produit (&lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9"&gt;core&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10"&gt;product&lt;/span&gt;) ( fiabilité,design,qualité, caractéristique).&lt;br /&gt;-  le  &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_11"&gt;packaging&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-  le  prix&lt;br /&gt;- le  nom de marque&lt;br /&gt;- Image de la marque ou personnalité de la marque. ( on peut dire que la marque est jeune, sympathique, à la mode &lt;span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_12"&gt;ect&lt;/span&gt;.)&lt;br /&gt;- Pays d’origine&lt;br /&gt;- Bouche à oreille&lt;br /&gt;- Opinion des experts&lt;br /&gt;- Service après vente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;-Les expériences passées avec la marque&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#33ff33;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;                Les dimensions d'un service marqué&lt;/em&gt; qui ont  un sens pour les consommateurs sont:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-        le prix.&lt;br /&gt;-        L’apparence physique des employées .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;-        facilités physique d’un service&lt;br /&gt;-        Brochures et publicités.&lt;br /&gt;-        Nom de marque.&lt;br /&gt;-        Expérience avec la marque.&lt;br /&gt;-        Bouches à oreilles.&lt;br /&gt;-        Image des autres utilisateurs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;  La majorité de ces  dimensions de marque constituent des valeurs clés pour les consommateurs et contribuent à la construction de l'attitude globale du consommateur envers un produit marqué. (tangible/intangible).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017244756057621151-4847338173063661611?l=mimiforever7.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/4847338173063661611/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3017244756057621151&amp;postID=4847338173063661611' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/4847338173063661611'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/4847338173063661611'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/2007/12/les-dimensions-dun-produit-marqu-vs.html' title=''/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151.post-7896482893428294797</id><published>2007-11-19T07:20:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-19T07:53:55.962-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;V&lt;em&gt;aleur fonctionnelle vs valeur emotionnelle de la marque&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;La valeur de la marque peut être définie comme l’utilité globale que le consommateur associe à l’usage et à la consommation de la marque, y compris les associations qui expriment l’utilité fonctionnel et symbolique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Une marque peut contribuer à une utilité “ex-ante » dans l’esprit du consommateur, c'est-à-dire à une utilité qui précéde l’achat, exemple la simplification du choix, la diminution du risque perçue et le coût de recherche des informations. L’utilité ex-ante constitue une autre voie de recherche (Erdem and Swait 1998).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La séparation entre le concept du produit de celui de la marque, suppose que la marque est une extension du produit qui permet son identification. Ceci souligne trois aspects :&lt;br /&gt;-        Premièrement le choix du manager à vendre son produit avec ou sans marque.&lt;br /&gt;-        Deuxiémement la fonction essentielle de la marque qui consiste à incorporer un ensemble d’attributs intangibles au produit.&lt;br /&gt;-        Troisiémement, l’intérêt académique et du business de séparer les attributs inhérents aux produit de ceux de la marque.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;         &lt;em&gt;L’utilité de la marque pour le consommateur :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;La littérature théorique et empirique de la perception du consommateur de l’utilité de la marque suggère de classifier l’utilité selon deux dimensions à savoir : la valeur fonctionnelle et la valeur symbolique.&lt;br /&gt;Cependant la distinction entre la valeur fonctionnelle et la valeur symbolique est fondée sur la nature du besoin que satisfait la marque.&lt;br /&gt;La valeur fonctionnel relate au besoin du consommateur à maîtriser favorablement son environnement physique, en permettant aux motifs utilitaires d’êtres satisfaits.&lt;br /&gt;La valeur symbolique relate au besoin du consommateur à maîtriser favorablement son environnement social et psychologique.( besoin d’estime, social, accomplissement de soi ( Maslow, 1970), permettant au consommateur d’éprouver des émotions positives et de communiquer son appartenance à un groupe social, ses valeurs et ses caractéristiques personnelles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les deux utilités de la marque sont définies en terme d'aspect de la marque.&lt;br /&gt;L’approche rationnelle ou le modèle économique suggérent que la valeur fonctionnel correspond à une évaluation cognitive de la contribution utilitaire de la marque basée sur les caractéristiques objectives et la performance de ces attributs physiques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;D’un autre côté, l’école holistique soutient que la valeur symbolique à pour origine l’évaluation de l’aspect  émotionnel et experienciel de la marque qui est basée sur des aspects plus subjective tels que les convictions et les sensations reliées à la marque, la situation d’usage, la personnalité et le style de vie associés aux utilisateurs typique de la marque.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il est à noter que le produit et la marque sont capables de contribuer au consommateur  les deux types d’utilités (Keller (1993, 1998) and of Park and Srinivasan (1994)).&lt;br /&gt;Cependant l’utilité fonctionnel ( satisfaction des besoins reliées à l’environnement physique) provient du produit, alors que l’utilité symbolique (satisfaction des besoins psychologique et social) émane essentiellement de la marque.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017244756057621151-7896482893428294797?l=mimiforever7.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/7896482893428294797/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3017244756057621151&amp;postID=7896482893428294797' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/7896482893428294797'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/7896482893428294797'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/2007/11/v-aleur-fonctionnelle-vs-valeur.html' title=''/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151.post-8189734763704616490</id><published>2007-11-12T06:41:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-19T07:45:08.796-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;C’est vrai, Halloween est une fête essentiellement américaine et elle ne signifie pas grand-chose en Suisse, mais je pense que ça commence à se développer petit à petit en europe.&lt;br /&gt;En effet, Halloween, comme beaucoup d’autres fêtes notamment Noël ou la Saint Valentin, ou encore la fête des grands –mères constituent un business pour un grand nombre d’entreprises, qui leur permet de faire du chiffre d’affaire. Ainsi, chaque fête est perçue comme une source de symboles, qui peut être véhiculé à travers certaines marques ou nom de marques liées à l’événement.(les entreprises profitent de telles fêtes pour lancer des marques liées à l’événement ou pour aligner des marques déjà existante à l’occasion).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En voici quelques exemples :&lt;br /&gt;Vous connaissez la marque de café, grand- mère, cette marque est liée la fête des grands-mères. A votre avis que sera la fête des grands- mères sans cette marque. En effet, l’utilisation de cette marque de café par le consommateur, évoque des valeurs plutôt émotionnelles (symboliques) chez lui telles que la nostalgie, la sécurité, la tradition, l’amour etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La marque Ferrero a lancé un site web baptisé Moncheri.fr qui propose des services ( e-cards, envoie de fleurs, réservation d’un séjour en amoureux etc.) au alentour du thème de la Saint Valentin. Ce site a un rapport plutôt émotionnel avec le consommateur. (Dans ce cas le produit offert par l’entreprise est intangible (un service) et son nom de marque Moncheri est lié à l’éventement saint valentin).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Un autre exemple, celui du créateur de montres « Hublot », qui a crée une montre spéciale baptisé le « Chrono saint valentin », pour célébrer la fête des amoureux.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ainsi, on peut dire que la majorité des produits marqués conçues pour la saint valentin véhiculent pratiquement la même valeur émotionnelle qui tourne autour de l’amour et de la fidélité.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En 1997, France télécoms a lancé un portable baptisé « Olaween » de couleur orange. Ceci ne peut évoquer que la fête d’halloween pour le consommateur. Cependant je pense qu’à travers cette marque, l’entreprise a voulu véhiculer un certain nombre de valeurs tels que la modernité, up to date (malgré que la marque date depuis 1988, elle peut s’adapter aux attentes évolutives des consommateurs), sympathique, qui aime se divertir etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Revenant a l’exemple de la marque « Halloween ». Cette dernière est une marque déposée par la société Optos-opus (une entreprise de conseil en innovation appliquée sur un produit ou concept directement associé au développement de l’entreprise) et qui cible essentiellement les enfants.&lt;br /&gt;Pour cette cible, Halloween, ne peut pas évoquer la mort, mais plutôt une fête durant laquelle ils peuvent se déguiser et aller de maison à maison en quête de friandises.&lt;br /&gt;Donc on peut dire qu’a travers cette marque l’entreprise a voulu véhiculer un certain nombre de valeur émotionnelles qui sont à mon avis : le divertissement, la jeunesse, la sympathie etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La marque dispose d’une valeur (utilité) propre, indépendante de celle du produit. En effet un produit est quelque chose qui a tendance à offrir un avantage fonctionnel, tandis qu'une marque est un nom, un symbole, une conception (design), ou une empreinte qui améliore la valeur d'un produit ou un service particulier (Farquhar, 1989 ; Cobb-Walgren, 1995).&lt;br /&gt;La marque est fondatrice de sens, elle permet d’installer les produits et services dans un univers de signe et de sens qui les distingue de leur valeur fonctionnelle.&lt;br /&gt;Marquer un produit revient donc à le projeter dans un univers symbolique en l’associant à un ensemble de bénéfices tangibles et intangibles, d’idées et d’émotions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017244756057621151-8189734763704616490?l=mimiforever7.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/8189734763704616490/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3017244756057621151&amp;postID=8189734763704616490' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/8189734763704616490'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/8189734763704616490'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/2007/11/cest-vrai-halloween-est-une-fte.html' title=''/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151.post-8473469899928227609</id><published>2007-10-29T04:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-31T08:35:11.139-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color:#ff9900;"&gt;In few days we will celebrate Halloween, so let me give you an idea of the haloween origin. Me too, i have no idea of its origin, let's discover this together.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_kPJr055eXXI/RyXW5IWWiqI/AAAAAAAAAAo/0Wwg0s5zQjc/s1600-h/lutti1hal.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5126740027813300898" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" height="261" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_kPJr055eXXI/RyXW5IWWiqI/AAAAAAAAAAo/0Wwg0s5zQjc/s320/lutti1hal.jpg" width="163" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The legend of halloween raises well before the Christian era. This tradition continues all over the word, the children disguise and scroll to demand candies and presents.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;what Haloween means for you?&lt;br /&gt;For me haloween is synonymous of disguise, pumpkin and party with friends.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff9900;"&gt;Halloween's origins date back to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The Celts, who lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom, and northern France, celebrated their new year on November 1. This day marked the end of summer and the harvest and the beginning of the dark, cold winter, a time of year that was often associated with human death. Celts believed that on the night before the new year, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred. On the night of October 31, they celebrated Samhain, when it was believed that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth. In addition to causing trouble and damaging crops, Celts thought that the presence of the otherworldly spirits made it easier for the Druids, or Celtic priests, to make predictions about the future. For a people entirely dependent on the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an important source of comfort and direction during the long, dark winter.&lt;br /&gt;To commemorate the event, Druids built huge sacred bonfires, where the people gathered to burn crops and animals as sacrifices to the Celtic deities.&lt;br /&gt;During the celebration, the Celts wore costumes, typically consisting of animal heads and skins, and attempted to tell each other's fortunes. When the celebration was over, they re-lit their hearth fires, which they had extinguished earlier that evening, from the sacred bonfire to help protect them during the coming winter.&lt;br /&gt;By A.D. 43, Romans had conquered the majority of Celtic territory. In the course of the four hundred years that they ruled the Celtic lands, two festivals of Roman origin were combined with the traditional Celtic celebration of Samhain.&lt;br /&gt;The first was Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans traditionally commemorated the passing of the dead. The second was a day to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple and the incorporation of this celebration into Samhain probably explains the tradition of "bobbing" for apples that is practiced today on Halloween.&lt;br /&gt;By the 800s, the influence of Christianity had spread into Celtic lands. In the seventh century, Pope Boniface IV designated November 1 All Saints' Day, a time to honor saints and martyrs. It is widely believed today that the pope was attempting to replace the Celtic festival of the dead with a related, but church-sanctioned holiday. The celebration was also called All-hallows or All-hallowmas (from Middle English Alholowmesse meaning All Saints' Day) and the night before it, the night of Samhain, began to be called All-hallows Eve and, eventually, Halloween. Even later, in A.D. 1000, the church would make November 2 All Souls' Day, a day to honor the dead. It was celebrated similarly to Samhain, with big bonfires, parades, and dressing up in costumes as saints, angels, and devils. Together, the three celebrations, the eve of All Saints', All Saints', and All Souls', were called Hallowmas."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are some :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff9900;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Common Halloween Superstitions&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"When it's the time for Halloween celebration, it is then that the people tend to become more superstitious. There are many superstitions and myths about Halloween and most of the people have a strong belief in them. In the reservoir of common Halloween superstitions, there are distinctive kinds of superstitions: animal superstitions, witch superstitions, bats in house superstitions and many more.&lt;br /&gt;Presented a few general Halloween superstitions:&lt;br /&gt;• Going in for dumb supper, meaning that nobody will talk while having supper, encourages the spirits to come to the table.• It is believed that if an unmarried girl keeps a rosemary herb and a silver sixpence under her pillow on Halloween night, it is quite likely that on that very night, she would dream of her future husband. • It is said that if you hear someone's footsteps behind you on the Halloween night, you should not turn back because it may be a dead following you. And if you commit the mistake of looking back, it is likely that you might join the dead very soon. • People believe that if on the Halloween night, a girl carrying a lamp in her hand goes to a spring of water, she will see the reflection of her life partner in water. • People have a superstition that if an unmarried girl carries a broken egg in a glass and takes it to a spring of water, she will be able to catch the glimpse of not just her future husband, by mixing some spring water in the glass, but also she can see the reflection of her future kids.&lt;br /&gt;• There is the old saying that "black cats are bad luck". It was once believed that black cats were the devil, or consumed by evil spirits.&lt;br /&gt;• People used to believe that Satan was a nut-gatherer. Nuts were also used as magic charms on the day of Halloween festival.&lt;br /&gt;• If you put your clothes on inside out as well as outside walk backwards on Halloween night. At midnight you will see a witch in the sky. People used to believe witches were the devil, or that they were consumed by evil.&lt;br /&gt;• There is also an old saying "if the flame on your candle goes out on Halloween celebration; it gives you the meaning that you are with a ghost".&lt;br /&gt;• If you ring a bell on Halloween it will frighten evil spirits away.&lt;br /&gt;• Many people used to consider that owls would dive down to eat the souls of the dying on Halloween. They used to think if you pulled your pockets out, and left them hanging, they'd be safe.&lt;br /&gt;• It has been said if a bat flies into your house on Halloween, it is a sign that ghosts or spirits are very nearer, and maybe they are in your home and let the bat in.&lt;br /&gt;• People used to believe that if bats are out early on Halloween, and they fly around playfully, then good weather is to come.&lt;br /&gt;• If a bat flies around your house three times on Halloween, death is very soon to come&lt;br /&gt;• To ward off evil spirits on Halloween, you can bury all the animal bones in your front yard, or even put a picture of an animal very close to your doorway.&lt;br /&gt;• People used to believe you could walk around your house three times backwards before sunset on Halloween, and that would take care of all evil.&lt;br /&gt;• It could be the spirit of a dead loved one watching you if you watch a spider on Halloween."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jU6iP0WLsU8"&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jU6iP0WLsU8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff9900;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Haloween brand&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do you know that there is a brand named "Haloween"?&lt;br /&gt;In many European countries, the HALLOWWEEN brand is registered by Optos-opus and it' s used for children's products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;But what is &lt;span style="color:#ff9966;"&gt;the value &lt;/span&gt;of such brands?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;I think that they have an emotionnel value for the consumers, notably children .&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017244756057621151-8473469899928227609?l=mimiforever7.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/8473469899928227609/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3017244756057621151&amp;postID=8473469899928227609' title='1 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/8473469899928227609'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/8473469899928227609'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/2007/10/in-few-days-we-will-celebrate-halloween.html' title=''/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_kPJr055eXXI/RyXW5IWWiqI/AAAAAAAAAAo/0Wwg0s5zQjc/s72-c/lutti1hal.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151.post-1626058803194686411</id><published>2007-10-25T09:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-25T09:40:53.233-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;The competition in brand market does not stop increasing. However it becomes difficult for the brands managers  to differ only on the basis of the functional attributes. Consequently the &lt;em&gt;symbolic sense&lt;/em&gt; of the brand becomes a criterion of differentiation of  brands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The brand is a founder of sense, it allows to install products and services in a sign and sense universe which distinguishes them from the functional value.  Branding a product means throwing it in a symbolic universe, by associating him it in a set of tangible profits, of ideas, of feelings and of values.&lt;br /&gt;The symbolic values associated to a brand, called also emotional values  are symbolic profits which satisfy the needs of expression of  consumers. These symbolic values send social signs of their consumer.&lt;br /&gt;The symbolic values can be identified by feelings of prestige, exclusivity, fashionable, pleasant, sophisticated, extraordinary etc.&lt;br /&gt;However it is indispensable that functional and symbolic values communicate the same concept to the consumer. For example a brand which is associated  with  "pleasing" symbolic value, has to have a functional value which passes on the same concept, as easy to drink.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017244756057621151-1626058803194686411?l=mimiforever7.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/1626058803194686411/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3017244756057621151&amp;postID=1626058803194686411' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/1626058803194686411'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/1626058803194686411'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/2007/10/competition-in-brand-market-does-not.html' title=''/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151.post-691488037235426053</id><published>2007-10-15T07:18:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-15T08:25:30.117-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;   From a consumer perspective, brand equity is &lt;span style="color:#ff6666;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;the value of the brand&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; for consumers.            &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;   Formerly the consumer was naif on the value. The consumers relied on low prices brands and which were thrown by the TV .Today  with the proliferation of the communications mediums and the new distribution channels, the customer is more and more cynical, he knows how to put things in their own value, he is more suspicious and warned. Besides, the value for the consumer represents more that a simple advantage, it allows him to distinguish products. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;So the difference between the brand and the product can amount by the expression "added value". We can say that brand is some things which we add to the product. However a company has to keep in its portfolio the brands which have most value for their consumers. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;      Thus, the role of the brand manager should not be limited to offer or to elaborate an object which corresponds to preestablished consumers expectations,   but he must to re-configure the relationship, the usage, the emotional which the individuals maintain with objects. " &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017244756057621151-691488037235426053?l=mimiforever7.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/691488037235426053/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3017244756057621151&amp;postID=691488037235426053' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/691488037235426053'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/691488037235426053'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/2007/10/from-consumer-perspective-brand-equity.html' title=''/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151.post-3562265390310473751</id><published>2007-10-11T07:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-11T08:16:33.958-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;          Do you know that brands have value? value, what value!!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;          Till the end of the seventies, the academic research was interested in the study of the couple formed by " the branded product ". It has establishes no distinction between the impact of the brand and that of the product.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;         In 1979 Srinivasan advances that the brand has a value (utility), independent from that of the product. Indeed a product is something which tends to offer a functional advantage, whereas a brand is a name, a symbol, a conception (design), or an imprint which improves the value of a product or a particular service.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Since then, the idea was progressively imposed that the brand and the product are two different concepts forming two distinct constituents of the firm offer . This separation is spark off the emergence of the concept of &lt;span style="color:#ff6666;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;brand equity&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017244756057621151-3562265390310473751?l=mimiforever7.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/3562265390310473751/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3017244756057621151&amp;postID=3562265390310473751' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/3562265390310473751'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/3562265390310473751'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/2007/10/do-you-know-that-brands-have-value.html' title=''/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151.post-7397972272576407013</id><published>2007-10-10T07:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-10T09:08:45.065-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;           With the globalization of the exchanges and the advertising, the brand became a real social and cultural phenomenon in many countries today.In fact ,the brand cover multiple facets. Brands may be a quality guarantee, sign of membership in a social group, an unifer element of clientele etc. Thus, today certain products meet a big success only because of the brand affixed on them. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;If we observe the number of children who ask to their parents to buy them, not a jeans but  a Levi's, not soft drink but Coca cola or Orangina , no shoes but Nike or Puma, we can say that we buy brands before buying products. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;   Many definition were attribute to the brand concept, however we will retain the commercial definition, which is the more important for firms.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;                           &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;   &lt;strong&gt;W&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;hat's brand?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;     &lt;em&gt;A brand is  a name, a term, a sign, a symbol, a design or a combinnation of these latters, which serve to identify goods and services of sellers and differentiate them  from competition.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017244756057621151-7397972272576407013?l=mimiforever7.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/7397972272576407013/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3017244756057621151&amp;postID=7397972272576407013' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/7397972272576407013'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/7397972272576407013'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/2007/10/with-globalization-of-exchanges-and.html' title=''/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151.post-7995975466608915675</id><published>2007-10-04T03:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-04T07:21:12.456-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;Coca cola, Pepsi, Channel, Mercedes, Nokia,etc&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Are brands important for you?Is there a difference between a product and a brand ?are they synonymous concepts ? why do you prefer Nokia rather than Sony Ericson? why do you choose Swisscom rather than orange? &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;For me branding is very important for firms, in fact brands helps identify and differentiate the goods and products.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;From my point of view, brands simplify shopping especially if you are hard to please like me.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt; The aim of my blog is to attempt to explain brand concept and some aspects of this latter. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017244756057621151-7995975466608915675?l=mimiforever7.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/7995975466608915675/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3017244756057621151&amp;postID=7995975466608915675' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/7995975466608915675'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/7995975466608915675'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/2007/10/are-brands-important-for-youare-concept.html' title=''/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017244756057621151.post-6182118742852904046</id><published>2007-10-03T07:09:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-03T07:10:56.927-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_kPJr055eXXI/RwOi3Nh71oI/AAAAAAAAAAc/voux5GI8yck/s1600-h/logo-marque.gif"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5117112671031514754" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_kPJr055eXXI/RwOi3Nh71oI/AAAAAAAAAAc/voux5GI8yck/s320/logo-marque.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017244756057621151-6182118742852904046?l=mimiforever7.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/feeds/6182118742852904046/comments/default' title='Publier les commentaires'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3017244756057621151&amp;postID=6182118742852904046' title='0 commentaires'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/6182118742852904046'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3017244756057621151/posts/default/6182118742852904046'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://mimiforever7.blogspot.com/2007/10/blog-post_19.html' title=''/><author><name>proeduc7</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09544450827663364039</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_kPJr055eXXI/RwOi3Nh71oI/AAAAAAAAAAc/voux5GI8yck/s72-c/logo-marque.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
